科目 英语
年级 高一
文件 high1
标题 Sports (体育运动)
章节 第十单元
关键词
内容
一、教法建议
【抛砖引玉】
在 Sports 这一单元，同学们将充分了解奥林匹克运动会 （the Olympic Games 或者 the Olympics ）。当 1896 年的奥运圣火在希腊雅典重新点燃的时候，人们开始认识到，奥林匹克运动在现代社会生活中将越来越显示出它的重要地位和作用。它以竞技的形式，将不同国籍、不同肤色的人民紧紧联系在一起，人们在五环旗下找到了自己的朋友，奥林匹克成为一种公用的世界语言。奥林匹克运动会是由国际奥林匹克委员会举办的多项目的世界综合性运动会，每四年举办一次。
古代奥运会从公元前 776 年在有众神之王宙斯神庙的奥林匹亚村举行到公元 393 年间，共举行过 293 次。393 年罗马帝国入侵希腊后，罗马皇帝狄奥多西下令废止奥运会，并烧毁了运动场建筑。522 和 511 年的两次地震，把奥林匹亚深深埋在地下。从此，奥运会被人民忘记了。1894 年 6 月，34 国在巴黎召开国际体育大会，成立了国际奥林匹克委员会，并定于 1896 年4 月6 日至 15 日在希腊雅典举行一一届现代奥运会。以后每四年举行一次，如因故不能举行，奥运会的届数照算。
现在奥林匹克运动会的比赛项目有：田径、足球、游泳、篮球、排球、曲棍球、体操、射击、举重、自行车、摔跤、柔道、射箭、击剑、手球、网球、乒乓球、羽毛球等以及冬奥运会滑冰、滑雪、冰球、有舵雪橇与无舵雪橇五项和现代冬季两项（滑雪 + 射击）。
奥运会的标志是由五种不同颜色的环圈连接而成，环环相扣，分别代表欧洲（天蓝色）、亚洲（黄色）、非洲（黑色）、澳洲（草绿色）、美洲（红色），象征五大洲的团结；奥运会的会旗以白色为底，以五环为图案，表示所有民族的运动员友谊，公平坦率的竞争。
奥运会的圣火象征光明，古代与现代奥运会薪传不断，在早期的奥运会中，圣火是在奥林匹克法院的奥林匹亚希腊女神赫拉庙旁，用凹面镜聚焦日光点燃，然后通过长途火炬接力，于奥运会开幕的头一天到达举办城市，点燃塔上的火炬，直到奥运会闭幕，塔上的火焰才熄灭。1936年柏林奥运会采用现代圣火，此后沿袭至今。
中国人民对奥林匹克运动有深厚的感情。在前进发展的道路上，我们深刻体会到体育的特殊社会功能，体会到奥林匹克运动是促进和维护人类和平发展的强大动力。奥运会是一项大规模的国际性社会活动，它受到全社会特别是体育爱好者的关注。奥运会不仅对发展体育运动，增进国际间的体育交往起着巨大的促进作用，同时也是增进世界各国文化交流、增强各国人民友谊的桥梁之一。
正如第 38 课中所述：The Olympic motto is “Swifter , Higher , stronger .”(奥运会的箴言是：更快、更高、更强) It means that every athlete should try to run faster , jump higher and throw further . They do their best to win medals . In 1988 Olympic Games in Barcelona the Chinese team got 16 gold medals , of which 12 were won by women .
在学习本单元之前，我们还应了解中国选手在亚特兰大表现出的震撼人心的英雄主义精神。孙福明赛前就爽快地说：“我来这里就是要金牌的。”王军霞在自己的副项女子 5000 米冲刺中，远远甩下对手，冲向终点，博得观众席上如潮的掌声。
这是一种必胜的信念，必胜的气概 ！ 中国人民就有那种战胜一切困难、压倒一切对手的自信。16 个日夜，亿万中国人民同征战亚特兰大的英雄儿女心心相印。在神州大地，为中国体育健儿助威的欢呼犹如滚滚春雷，响彻大江南北，汇成一个强音：“中国队，加油！”人们笑看乒乓四金悉入囊中，人们畅论王军霞健步如飞摘金夺银，人们赞赏年轻的大力士占旭刚一举打破三项世界记录的威猛 …… 那是一种尊严的体验、一种豪情的抒发、一种光荣的分享、一种志气的高扬。体育健儿取得的骄人的战绩和气贯长虹的英雄气概，向世人昭示：一个伟大的民族正在崛起、正在振兴。中国不再是无足轻重的角色，中国人不必仰慕别人的成功，完全可以为自己的光荣感到自豪，中华民族不愧是一个伟大的民族。
中国体育健儿的拼搏，展示了中国人勇于胜利、奋斗不息的精神风貌，证明中华民族不仅在体质上而且在意志品质上十分强健，令人钦佩。“燕台一去客心惊，萧鼓喧喧汉将营。万里寒光生积雪，三边曙色动危旌。”我们可以从女足队员飞身抢断中体会到那种（曙色动危旌）的悲壮，可以从伏明霞惊世的一跳再跳中体会到（寒光生积雪）的险峻，在力量与意志的较量中，不管中国运动员拿到的是金牌、银牌、铜牌，或者没有拿到奖牌，都充分展示了一个民族应有的风范。
作为中学生，应通过学习本单元后从灵魂的深处感触到“自古英雄多磨难，从来纨绔少伟男”。赛场上的辉煌，从来是与艰辛相伴的。没有超人的付出，就没有惊人的收获。要想让祖国的荣誉、人民的期望随国旗高升，随国歌高奏，我们每一个华夏儿女都要有不达目的誓不罢休的拼搏精神。爱国主义是具体的，是我们把它融入千锤百炼的艰辛里，融入超越自我的攀登中。在 21 世纪的悉尼奥运会上，我们完全相信中国体育健儿会更加斗志昂扬，战绩辉煌。
同学们，让我们张开双臂去拥抱 21 世纪第一轮升起在奥运会赛场的骄阳，让我们在庄严的五环旗下继续谱写壮美的奥林匹克华彩乐章 ！
【指点迷津】
A. 大纲规定的单元日常核心交际用语指南
Preference (偏爱)
● Idiomatic Sentences 功能套语 30 句
1. - Which is your favourite month ? 你最喜欢哪个月份 ？
- I think May is the best month . 我认为五月是最好的月份。
2. I prefer to work in the sales department . 我宁愿在销售部工作。
3. What job do you prefer ? 你喜爱什么工作 ？
4. They prefer working to doing nothing . 他们喜欢工作，不愿碌碌无为。
注意句型：prefer sth + to sth , prefer + to do rather than + do , prefer + doing + to +doing
5. Which do you prefer , riding a bike or taking a bus ?
6. I would rather walk home with Xiao Ming .
7. I'd rather give up my opinion . It's no use making such a plan .
8. I would rather you took his advice . 我宁愿你接受他的建议。
注意：would rather 后的宾语从句中用过去时表达现在或者将来的时间。如果句中有表达过去的时间状语时，并于从句用过去完成时。如：I would rather you had visited that county last year . 你要是去年参观了那个县就好了。
9. Which colour do you prefer , red or black ?
10. My mother would prefer me not to dress in black . 我妈妈不喜欢我穿黑色的。
11. I would rather have the small one than the big one .
12. Do you like fried egg better ? 你比较喜欢油炸的鸡蛋吗 ？
13. Do you like oranges better than apples ? 你喜欢橘子胜于苹果吗 ？
14. Would you rather stay here or go back home ?
15. We can travel by air or by train . What do you say ?
16. Do you find stamp collecting or gardening more to your taste ?
17. How do Marx and Jones compare , in your opinion ? 在你看来，马克和琼斯相比怎么样 ？
18. We could put off the meeting . I leave it to you to decide .
19. As far as I am concerned , living in a cottage is more comfortable than living in a flat . 就我来说，生活在乡村小屋比生活在公寓里更舒服。
20. For me , the best thing is to take a rest .
21. I enjoy watching TV plays in my spare time . 我喜欢在闲时看电视剧。
22. If possible , I'd prefer to have a drink .
23. On the whole , I find riding a bike more enjoyable than riding a bus . 总的来说，我觉得骑自行车比乘公共汽车更愉快。
24. There is nothing I like / enjoy more than modern dance . 我最喜欢现代舞。
25. Fishing is a lovely way of spending a day off . 钓鱼是度假的好办法。
26. I can't tell you how much I like soft cheese . 我无法对你形容我是多么喜欢软奶酪。
27. You can have Thursday or Friday off , what do you say ?
28. Frankly , I don't like the music of the 18th century . 坦白地说，我不喜欢18 世纪的音乐。
29. To be honest , I don't feel like eating anything today . 说真的，今天我什么都不喜欢吃。
30. Rather than take a bus , I prefer to take a plane .
● Model Dialogues (交际示范)
A
A：Would you like some fruit , Rose ?
B：Yes , please .
A：Which do you prefer , apples or bananas ?
B：I prefer apples to bananas . I think apples are more delicious than bananas .
A：OK , here are some apples . But I'd rather have some bananas .
B
A：Do you often have sports at school ?
B：Of course . I love sports .
A：Which do you prefer , horse-riding or shooting ?
B：Shooting . Do you like shooting ?
A：I prefer horse-riding to shooting .
B：What about wrestling and sailing ?
A：Both of them are exciting , but I'd rather watch them .
B：Me too .
C
A：Hello , what can I do for you ?
B：Do you have any salad ?
A：Yes . Would you like the Caesar's salad or fruit salad ?
B：I prefer Caesar's salad .
A：Anything to drink ?
B：Of course .
A：Coffee or tea ?
B：I prefer coffee .
D
Jane：Hello , Betty . Are you doing anything this Sunday ? How about going to see a film with me or would you rather see a play ?
Betty：To tell the truth , I'd rather see a play . I don't care much for films . I hear a new play is on at the Grand Theatre .
Jane：Good . I'll see if I can get tickets for Sunday .
Betty：The thing I don't like on Sunday is that it's always so crowded . How about Friday or Saturday ?
Jane：That would be fine . I'll give you a call about the tickets later . Good-bye .
B. 单元重点新词透视
1. exciting 作形容词是指某事使人感到很激动和兴奋，意为“令人兴奋的，令人鼓舞的”，可以作定语和表语。如：
It's an exciting experience just to walk down a New York street . 漫步纽约街头是一件十分令人激动的经历。
Skiing is more exciting than skating . 滑雪比溜冰更激动人心。
测试要点：
辨析 exciting 、 excited、excitement、excite、excitedly
◇ exciting 是“令人兴奋的，令人鼓舞的”，可以作定语和表语。作表语时，其主语常常是物。
He told us a piece of exciting news .
The speech that he made last week proves exciting . 他上周做的报告证明是鼓舞人心的。
◇ excited 是“使兴奋，被感到”，在句中做表语时，其主语常常是人。
The little boys were excited very much by the story .
At such a good news , he seemed excited all the morning . 听到好消息后，他整个上午都兴奋不已。
◇ excitement 是名词，常用于固定搭配 “to one's excitement = to the excitement of sb”(使某人兴奋的是)。in excitement = excitedly 兴奋地。如：
He has a weak heart , and he should avoid excitement . 他心脏虚弱，应避免激动。
After the meeting , he sang in excitement on his way home . 会议结束后，在回家的途中他兴奋不已地唱个不停。
◇ excite 是动词，excitedly 是副词。如：
The news excited us . = We were excited by the news . = We were excited to hear the news .
Don't excite yourself . = Don't be excited .
It's nothing to get excited about . 这没有什么可激动的。
Getting / Becoming excited easily is of no use . 易激动是没有用的。
2. swift 常作形容词“快的，迅速的”，其比较级为 swifter , 其最高级为 swiftest 。
The river is too swift to swim . 这河水流太急，不能游泳。
They had a swift visit to the shop . 他们匆匆地逛了一下商店。
测试要点：辨析 swift , quick , fast , rapid
swift 所指的运动速度最高，同时强调运动的平稳潇洒和轻捷不费力气，灵巧优美。常与 quick 通用。
He are in great need of a swift horse . 你十分需要一匹骏马。
The eight-year-old boy gave me a swift / quick answer . 那个八岁的小男孩迅速地回答了我。
quick 指运动动作发生或者完成的迅速、敏捷，强调的是单一动作的突然性和短暂性。含有灵巧性。
He ate a quick breakfast and rushed off to work . 他匆匆吃了早饭就赶着上班去了。
I felt a quick pull on my fishing line . 我感到鱼线给突然拉了以下。
He is quick to understand a stranger . 他善于理解陌生人的意思。
fast 多指运动的物体，位置移动的迅速，强调物体运动的方式，具有高速运动的含义。是 slow 的反义词。
You are reading too fast for me to follow .
We must take the fast train .
My watch is fast . 我的手表快了。
He ran faster and faster along the bank of the river . 沿着河他跑的越来越快。
rapid 常和 fast 互换，但rapid 多指运动本身程度的变化，可以是人口的增加、进步的幅度等。
The improvement was very rapid . 改进极为迅速。
He made rapid progress last term .
3. medal 奖章，奖牌
In the Olympic Games the first winner will get a gold medal . 在奥运会上第一名将获得一枚金牌。
That officer received many medals for bravery . 这位军官由于勇敢而荣获许多奖章。
测试要点：会区分使用 medal （奖章，奖牌）, model （模特，）, metal （金属）
Can I have a look at your Medal of Freedom ? 我可以看一下你的自由勋章吗 ？
He bought his son a model of ship from the USA . 他给儿子从美国买了一个轮船模型。
Do you want to be a model when you grow up ? 你长大后想当一名模特吗 ？
China is a country with a long history . She is rich in many kinds of metals . 中国是一个拥有悠久历史的国度，中国有丰富的矿藏资源。
4. prize 奖赏，奖品。常用于动词 gain , get , receive , take , win , offer , give 等后面。
They got most of the prizes at the village flower . 他们夺得了该村花展的大部分奖项。
Winning the Nobel Prize for Physics is very difficult . 获得诺贝尔物理奖是十分困难的。
测试要点：会区别开 prize (奖品) ，praise (表扬)，price (价格)
He praised her for helping his son with the homework .
The price of the car is higher here than in that shop .
5. like 喜欢，喜爱。可以作介词和动词。
◇ like someone/something表示“喜欢某人或某物”
典型用法1. much表示“非常喜欢.....”。
The parents like their little son very much.
典型用法2. er/best 表示“更/最喜欢......”。
Mike likes maths better than chemistry.
This is the pen that he likes best.
◇ like to do/doing...表示“喜欢做某事”。
典型用法 1. like doing...表示“经常性、习惯性的动作”。
My father likes reading evening newspapers.
典型用法 to do...表示“具体的或特定的动作。”
We like to have a talk with you.
◇ like someone to do...表示“希望/欢迎某人去做某件事”。
Do you like us to play together with you ?
◇ would like...表示“想要......”。
典型用法 d like something 表示“想要某物”。
Would you like some water ? No,thanks.
典型用法 d like to do...表示“想要做某事”。
◇ Mary would not like to attend such a meeting.
典型用法 d like someone to do 表示“想要某人去做某件事”。
I would like her to tell the truth.
The strangers would like those villagers to give them some help.
注：当第一人称 I 或we 作主语时，也可用 should like...。
◇ feel like...表示“感觉想要......”。
典型用法 like sth.表示“觉得想要某物”。
My sister felt like some sweets.
典型用法 2. feel like doing...表示“觉得想做某件事”。
What do you feel like doing before you go back ?
C. 单元重点词组扫瞄
Lesson 37
1. have sports 进行体育运动
We have sports at four in the afternoon every day .
What sports do you have at the sports meeting ?
测试要点：注意由动词 have 构成的固定词组具有特定的意义。
have a date 有约会。have a go at 试试。(Let me have a go at it , all right ? / He had several goes at it before he succeeded .) have a good / high opinion of 对……评价好。have a good time 过的愉快，玩的开心。have a rough time 日子艰难。have a hard time + doing 干……很费劲。have / run a temperature 发烧。have a work with 和……交谈。have words with sb 和某人争吵。have an effect on / upon 对……有影响。have mercy on / upon 对……产生怜悯。have no choice but to do 只有干…… 。have none of 不理睬……。have nothing to do with 与……没有关系。have something to do with 与有联系。have on 穿着，戴着，有事。（注意该词组不用进行时态。如：Today she has on a red skirt . = Today she wears a red skirt . = Today she is wearing a red skirt . = Today she is dressed in a red skirt .） have / take pity on / upon 同情，怜悯。（He said that he has no pity on people who do not try to help others . ）have sports 进行体育运动。have a rest / break 休息一下。have a bad cough 咳嗽得厉害。
2. be good at 擅长
Are you good at sailing ? 你擅长赛艇吗 ？
I was never any good at dancing .
3. in fact 事实上，实际上
No one believed it but , in fact , Mary did get a good result in this exam .
He doesn't mind . In fact , he is very satisfied .
4. let sb know 通知某人。告诉某人
If you arrive in Beijing this afternoon , please let me know as soon as possible .
5. read out 大声念出 = read aloud
He is reading out the football results .
An important notice was read out by our monitor .
Lesson 38
1. in modern times 现代，近代
He was one of the great artists in modern times . 他是近代的伟大艺术家之一。
2. every four years 每四年，每隔三年 = every fourth year
Both Summer and Winter Olympics are held every four years . 夏季奥运会和冬季奥运会都是每四年举行一次。
注意上面的基数词和序数词。另外，“每两天”是every other day / every two days。
3. take part in 参加
He took an active part in revolution .
Every four years athletes from all over the world take part in the Qlympic Games .
Britain is one of the countries in which women take part in wrestling .
测试要点：辨析 take part in , attend , join , join in
take part in 表示参加某种活动并在里面以积极的态度起作用。
Do you want to take part in this discussion ?
attend 常用于参加婚礼、追悼会、课堂学习等。
I am sure he will come to attend this meeting tonight .
join in 参加游戏或小活动。常同 game 连用。
More and more countries joined in the Olympic Games .
He will join us in singing the song .
Will you join me in buying a present for her ?
Please come and join in this game . It is very interesting .
join 参加某个组织，入党、入团等。
He joined the Communist Party of China in 1980 . = He has been a party member since 1980 .
4. for centuries 好几百年来，数个世纪以来
For centuries there were no Olympic Games .
D. 单元语法学习目标
“介词 + 关系代词”引导的定语从句小结
1. 当 which 的先行词不是从句中及物动词的宾语，而是从句中不及物动词所带的介词宾语时，或者是从句中作为状语或定语用的介词短语中的介词宾语时，定语从句常用“介词 + which (whom)”来引导，不用其它关系代词，whom 指人，which 指物。例如：
The house was built on a hillside , below which was a winding valley . 那所房子建 在山坡上，在山坡的下面有一条蜿蜒的溪谷。
This is the book for which you asked .
My glasses , without which I was like a blind man , felt to the ground and broke .
Here is the young man about whom we've heard so much .
By the side of the well there was a board on which were written these words ：“Don't forget the digger when you fetch water from the well .”在井的旁边有一块木板，上面写着：“饮水莫忘挖井人。”
2. 这样的介词可以放在 whom , which 之前，也可以放在从句中原来的位置上。但含有介词的短语动词一般不可拆开，介词仍放在动词之后，不能前置。例如：
The babies (whom) the nurses look after all look happy and healthy . ( look after 为固定词组)
Is he the man (whom) you spoke to yesterday ?
Is this the knife which you've looking for all day long ?
对比：This is the house in which Lu Xun once lived . = This is the house (which) Lu Xun once lived in .
3. 如果介词放在定语从句之后，关系代词 which , whom 可以用 that 来替换，亦可以省略 which , whom 。
Can you lend me the book (that ) you were talking about the other day ? (about不能放 that 前，但把 that 该为 which 时就可以了。）
The house which / that we live in is not large . = The house we live in is not large . = The house in which we live isn't large .
4. 关系代词前的介词选用要按习惯搭配和具体语言环境而选用，不能随心所欲。例如：
There is a book about which I told you last week . (tell sb about sth)
Everyone here knows the method with which the computer works . (with the method)
The ladder on which I was standing began to slip . (stand on)
5. 但介词却不能放在 that 之前，除非可以特殊地使用：but / except + that 。but / except + that 只能引导限制性定语从句。that 只起连接作用，不冲充当句子成分。
He stood there , doing nothing except that his mouth was open .
二、学海导航
【学法指要】
● 请你走出单项填空题的解题思维误区
误区之一：受假性“原型”误导，误入歧途
NMET的单项填空题往往设置一些所谓的“原型”来诱使作答者模仿。基本功不够扎实的同学极易“上钩”而出错。如：
1 . - Don't forget to return the dictionary to the library .
-____ .
A . I don't B . I won't C . I can't D . I haven't
本题受 Don't forget 的误导，常误选A。英语中的祈使句通常表示将来要发生的动作，所以答语中的“我忘不了”实际上是“我(将)不会忘记”。正确答案是B。
2 . - I wonder if your sister will go to the concert .
- If your sister does . so ____ mine .
A . is B . do C . does D . will
本题受 If you sister does 中 does 的误导，常常误选C。由于条件状语从句中常用一般现在时代替一般将来时，所以题中的 If your sister does 中的 does 实际上等于will go to the concert , 所以“我妹妹也去”应该是“Mine will go , too . ”因此正确答案是D。
3 . You should throw the old newspaper into ____ basket .
A . a paper B . paper C . papers D . the papers
通常，paper 表示“纸”，是不可数名词，前面不带a，受其误导，误选B。但本题讲的是要将旧报纸扔进纸篓。“纸”虽不可数，但“纸篓”是可数名词，因此正确答案是A。
启示：①解题时要注意对题目进行仔细而全面的分析，防止掉入“陷井”；②寻找解决问题的根据，要注意“走对路”，不要“进错门”。
〖项固练习〗
1 .- Would you lend me your pen for a while ?
-Certainly I ____ .
A . Would B . should C . will D . shall
2 .- Could I use your bicycle ?
-Yes , of course you ____ .
A . can B . could C . will D . would
3 . I have met ____ people as Lei Feng in China .
A . many B . so many C . many such D . as many
4 . Only when she got home did she find her necklace ____ .
A . miss B . to miss C . missed D . missing
5 .- I've got an extra ticket for one of you .
- Oh , really ? Whom would you like ____ with you , Tom or me ?
A . to have go B . to have gone C . having to go D . having going
误区之二：忽视“迟到信息”，不瞻前顾后
NMET 单项填空的空白后有时附带着一些文字信息，通常被称为“迟到的信息”。这些“迟到的信息”有的是无关紧要的，有的则对答案的选择起着决定性的作用，忽视这样的信息，不瞻前顾后，往往要出错。如：
9 . Jenny ____ have kept her word . I wonder why she changed her mind .
A . could B . might not C . should D . would not
题中的 I wonder why she changed her mind 一句虽为迟到的信息，但它说明 she changed her mind , 也就是 she didn't keep her word , 据此可推断正确答案是C。
10 .- He promised to come to see you .
- But he ____ I've been alone .
A . doesn't B . din't C . won't D . hasn't
11. 本题若只注意到He promised 而忽略 I've been alone 这一“迟到的信息”，就会误选答案B。I've been alone 这一句表明，be 不仅过去没来，而且现在仍没来，所以正确答案是D。
12 .- Didn't you watch the football match yesterday ?
-____ . I would like to have seen it .
A . Yes , I did B . No , I didn't C . Yes , I didn't D . No , I did
解答本题必须重视 I would like to have seen it 这一“迟到的信息”，它相当于 I had wanted to see it , 意为“我本想观看它”，可见实际上我没看足球赛，因此正确答案是B。
启示：题中的每个信息点包括标点符号都是重要的，不影响答案选择的信息很少，解题时必须瞻前顾后，通盘考虑。
〖巩固练习〗
13 . You ____ the plant more water . It is dead .
A . will give B . would have given
C . must give D . should have given批评老师。” (A)去掉 by 和 was。“那调皮的男孩过去经常批评老师。”5 . B(A)没有定冠词时，题干的定语从句缺先行词，故要加上 the one ; 如用 the bookstore 时，the bookstore 即是先行词，关系代词 that 在定语从句中作动词 referred to 的宾语，可以省略；如果题干前半部分 Is it this bookstore ____，该句子即变为强调句时，还是选A，但这时 that 不可以省去。
★ 删去干扰词或句，让“标志”更明显。例如：
1 . How about (the two of us) ____ a walk down the street ?
A . to take B . take C . taking D . to be taking
2 . ____ the money (John had) ____ ?
A . Did ; stolen B . Was ; stolen
C . Was ; to stolen D . Had ; stolen
3 . His car runs ____ , (if no faster than) a race car .
A . so fast B . as fast C . as fast as D . so fast as
4 . The wonderful time (they have been looking forward to) ____ finally arrived .
A . has B . had C . have D . having
5 . Nobody (but Tom and John) ____ what he said .
A . believe B . believes C . believe in D . believes in
答案：1 . C 2 . B 3 . C 4 . A 5 . B
★ 将题干中被省略的词补出来，使“标志”更鲜明。例如：
1 . He did ____ he could(do) ____ the old lady .
A . all ; calm B . what ; calm
C . what ; to calm D . all which ; to calm
2 . Only those(who) ____ knew well could be let in .
A . did he B . he did C . who D . he
3 .- Whom should this message be sent to ?
- My teacher is the one (for you) ____ .
A . to send it B . to be sent to C . for sending it D . to send it to
4 . How clever (it is) ____ to do so!
A . for the boy B . of the boy C . with the boy D . at the boy
5 . They don't realize the use (that 或 which) ____ the information .
A . we make of B . which we make
C . for our making D . for us to make
答案及说明：1 . C 2 . D 3 . D 4 . B 5 . A。第5题 A 为定语从句，动词 make 后的 use 被关系代词代替，由于关系代词作宾语被省略。
★ 句子结构还原，主要用于疑问句和省略句的题干。例如：
1 . What way are you thinking of ____ rid of rats ?
A . get B . getting C . to get D . being get
2 . Who did you ____ ____ the radio ?
A . have repaired B . have to repair
C . have repairing D . have repair
3 . If you go there tomorrow , ____ .
A . so I do B . so will I C . so I will D . so do I
4 .- Why was the meeting called ?
- ____ new officials .
A . Elect B . Electing C . To elect D . By electing
答案及说明：1 . C 2 . D 3 . B。省略后倒装。“If you go there tomorrow , I will go there , too . ” 4 . C。不定式回答“目的”或“原因”。The meeting was called to elect new officials . 再如：
- What made her so upset ?
- ____ a wonderful stamp .
A . To lose B . Lost C . Losing D . For losing
选C。回答 what 作动词 made 的主语。
当然，选择题思路很多，只要学会“变”，相信一定会有收获。
● 单项填空中的合理推测
推测不是瞎猜乱碰，是从题目寻找信息，有理有据，合理推测。
■ 根据题干特定信息进行推测
NMET 题干的设计水平和灵活性逐年提高。有关信息不仅在句子表面，也可能存在于字里行间，或存在于某一个不引入注目的单词上。所以，首先要细读题干，精心领会其意义，然后有针对性地、准确地找到某个特定信息，以此为据，推断定论。切不可读题粗略，貌然确定答案。
- Do you remember ____ he came ?
- Yes , I do , he came by car .
A . how B . when C . that D . if
从语法上看A，B都可以填，但正确答案只有一个。by car 这一特定信息暗示了问句问的是“方式”，所以A才是最佳选择。
Peter ____ come with us tonight , but he isn't very sure yet .
A . must B . can C . may D . will
题干后部的意思为 ? “……但他还不十分肯定；”，由此推测他不是“必须来”，不是“将会来”，也不是“能够来”，而是“可能来”，选C。再如：
- If you don't like the red coat , take the blue one .
- OK , but do you have ____ size in blue ? This one's a bit tight for me .
A . a big B . a bigger C . the big D . the bigger
题干意思是“这一件稍紧一点”，可见他想要的是尺码较大的。所以 big 要用比较级。题干的另一意思不是“要好一件更大的蓝外衣”，而是问“蓝外衣中是否有一种尺码大的”。所以不是特指，应选B。
■ 根据句子结构、语法进行推测
有些题目的考查目的是针对句子结构或语法，这时受试者不但要理解题干，而且要有针对性地分析其语法成份，选出符合结构要求的答案。例如：
John plays football ____ , if not better than , David .
A . as will B . as well as C . so well D . so well as
逗号隔开的部分是插入语，也是一个省略的条件状语从句，从句中的否定与主句无关。David 是两者比较的另一方，所以同级比较句型要用 as well as。如果选A，就少了连接从句的连词。
____ from Beijing to London !
A . How long way it is B . What a long way is it
C . How long way is it D . What a long way it is
way 是可数名词首先排除A、C。此句不是问句，根据句子结构要求，要用陈述句的语序，选D。
如果你碰到难词、生词，不解其意，可以从语法的角度去考虑。尽管对句子的意义仍模糊不清，但通过合理推测却能找到正确答案。例如：
The weather turned out to be very good , ___ was more than we could expect .
A . what B . which C . that D . it
考生对短语 turn out 不甚了解，但这不影响解题。只要以语法结构为依法。就能推断出 B是答案，因为只有 which 才能引导非限制性定语从句。turn out to be 意为“结果是……”。请再看：
There're so many kinds of tape-recorders on sale that i can't make up my mind ____ to buy .
A . which B . what C . how D . where
句中的 tape-recorder 和 on sale 课本上都没有直接出现过，但 buy 是一个熟知的及物动词，它需要有宾语。因此，这儿要用连接代词作宾语，首先排除C、D。再根据 which 和 what 的用法区别来取舍。在已知或有限范围的选择场合要用 which。因此该选A。tape-recorder 意思是“磁带录音机”，on sale 是“出售”。
■ 用排除法推测
选择填空既是一个观察、推测、判断的过程，也是一个将错误选项一一排除，找出正确答案的过程。排除法适用于任何一道选择题。在解题中，利用排除法可以缩小思考范围，节省时间和精力。例如：
If there were no examinations , we should have ____ at school .
A . the happiest time B . a more happier time
C . much happiest time D . a much happier time
B、C形式上明显有错，首先排除，重点考虑A、D。此句不属三者以上场合，仅是“有考试”与“没考试”两种情况的对比。所以推测D是正确答案。
It was not ____ she took off her dark glasses ____ I realized she was a famous film star .
A . until ; when B . when ; that C . until ; that D . when ; then
从结构上看这一句是强调句型，首先排除A、再仔细思考B、C。只有 until 才有这种 not 前移的用法，所以推断答案为C。
排除法还有个特殊功能：当受试者对某个选项的意义，用法不甚明确，而这个选项又恰恰很可能是正确答案时，可以将其余的选项逐个排除，从而证实它的正确性。这种合理推测能使考生得到意外的收获。请看：
If you keep on , you'll succeed ____ .
A . in time B . at one time C . at the same time D . on time
B意为“一度”，C意为“同时”，意义都明显不符合，应予排除。D意为“准时”，意义也不符。A“及时”，意义虽不贴切，但总比B、C、D好一些，合理推测A是正确答案。其实，此处 in time 由“及时”引申为“迟早”、“总有一天”。
■ 根据题目设计的缺陷或弱点欠缺之处推测
有时试题在命题设计上难免存在缺陷或弱点，在无从下手的情况下，利用这些缺陷或弱点，或可曲径通幽，出奇制胜。通常有两种情况：(1)有两个(以上)的选项在语法上可视为“同类项”；(2)有某个选项在语法上明显错误，属试题命制时的“凑数项”。
对于第一种情况，可先排除“同类项”，因为一道题目不可能出现两个(以上)的正确答案。例如：
I didn't see your sister at the meeting . If she ____ , she would have met my brother .
A . has come B . did come C . came D . had come
B、C属“同类项”，都是一般过去时。如果C正确，B也可以填，所以都应排除。剩下A、D相比较，就显得容易了，A是现在完成时可排除，D是过去完成时，该选D。
【妙文赏析】
THE HOUNDS OF BASKERVILLES ( 猎犬 )
柯南道尔 著
Chapter VI
A CUNNING ENEMY( 一个狡猾的敌人 )
On the way to the Northumberland Hotel , Holmes entered a telegraph office . There he sent a wire to the Official Registry (佣工介绍所) ， inquiring for the name and address of the cabman whose number he had remembered . As the two friends were going up the stairs of the Northumberland Hotel they saw Sir Henry standing on the landing of the second floor . His face was red with anger and he was holding an old and dirty boot in one of his hands .
“By thunder ,” he cried , “ if my boot isn't found immediately there will be trouble . ”
“Are you still looking for your boot ? ” exclaimed Waston .
“Yes , but now another boot has disappeared . Last night they took one of my brown boots , and today they have stolen one from the black pair . Well , have you found it ? ” he asked the servant , who had appeared upon the scene .
“ No, sir . Please have a little patience . I have looked for it everywhere , but I can't find it .” said the frightened servant .
“Well , either that boot comes back before night , or I go straight to the manager of the hotel . ”
“ It shall be found , sir ?/FONT> I promise you . Only have a little patience ,” exclaimed the frightened servant .
“ Very strange ,” said Holmes thoughtfully to himself .
“ Excuse me , Mr. Holmes , for this quarrel about a trifle (小时) ,” said Sir Henry , “ but 棥?/P>
“ It is not a trifle ,” interrupted . Holmes seriously . “ Your case is very hard . Sir Henry , but I hope that sooner or later we shall make things clear .”
At lunch Holmes asked Sir Henry what he intended to do .
“ I want to go to Baskerville Hall ,” was the answer .
“ And when ? ”
“At the end of the week .”
“ Perhaps you are right ,”said Holmes . “I know that you are followed in London and among the millions of this great city it is difficult to discover who the spy is and what he wants . You did not know , Dr. Mortimer , that you were followed this morning ? ”
“Followed !” exclaimed Dr. Mortimer , starting violently . “By whom ?”
“That , unfortunately , I can't tell you . Have you among your neighbours or acquaintances (熟人) any man with a large black beard ?” asked Holmes .
“ No ,?/FONT>oh ?/FONT> yes , certainly , Barrymore , Sir Charles's servant . He has a large black beard .” replied Dr. Mortimer .
“And where is Barrymore ?”
“He is at the Hall .”
“We must make sure that he is really there .”
“How can we do that ?”
“Give me a telegraph form . Write : ‘ Is all ready for Sir Henry ? ’address to Mr. Barrymore , Baskerville Hall . Which is the nearest telegraph-office ? ”
“Grimpen .”
“Very good . We shall send a second wire to the postmaster at Grimpen：‘ Telegram to Mr. Barrymore deliver into his own hands . If absent , return telegram to Sir Henry Baskerville , Northumberland Hotel .’Then we shall know before evening where Barrymore is . By the way , Dr. Mortimer , who is this Barrymore ?”
“He is the son of the old caretaker (管家) who is dead . He and his wife are a very respectable couple , as far as I know .”
“At the same time it's clear ,”said Baskerville , “that while there is nobody at the Hall , they have an easy life .”
“That is true ,” said Waston .
“Did Barrymore get anything by Sir Charles's will ?” asked Holmes .
“ He and his wife got 500 pounds each .”
“Did they know that they would receive this ?”
“Yes , Sir Charles liked to talk about his will .”
“That is very interesting . Did anyone else get anything ?”
“He left many small sums to individuals and a large number of public charities . The rest all went to Sir Henry , ”explained Dr. Mortimer .
“And how much was the rest ?”
“Seven hundred and forty thousand pounds . The total value of the estate is almost a million ” answered Dr. Mortimer .
Holmes looked surprised . “ I didn't think that he was so rich , ”he said . “That explains some things . I can understand that a man may risk much for such a large sum . Have you made your will , Sir Henry ? ”
“No , Mr. Holmes , I have not . I've had no time for it . You forget I arrived here only yesterday .”
“ Well , Sir Henry , I agree that it's best for you to go to your native place without delay , but you certainly must not go alone . ”
“ Dr. Mortimer returns with me . ”
“But Dr. Mortimer has his practice , and his house is some miles away from yours . No , Sir Henry , you must take with you someone who will always be by your side .”
“Could you come yourself , Mr. Holmes ? ”
“That's quite impossible . I cannot leave London for an indefinite time , as I am too busy .”
“Whom would you recommend (推荐) then .”
Holmes laid his hand upon Waston's arm . “There is no man who could be better than my friend Dr. Waston , ”he said .
“That would be really kind of you , ”Sir Henry exclaimed . “If you go with me to Baskerville Hall and help me , I shall never forget it . ”
“I will come with pleasure , ”said Dr. Waston .
“And you must report everything to me , ”said Holmes . “ I shall tell you how to act . ”
The question was soon settled . It was decided that Sir Henry , Dr. Mortimer and Waston set off for Devonshire on Saturday . Lunch was over and Holmes was just saying goodbye , when Sir Henry with a cry of surprise drew a brown boot from under a table in the corner of the room .
“ My missing boot ! ” he exclaimed .
“ But this is very strange .”said Dr. Mortimer . “ I searched this room carefully before lunch and there was certainly no boot in it .” said Dr. Mortimer .
The servant was called in and questioned , but he said he knew nothing about it .
Holmes was silent in the cab as he drove home with Waston . All the evening he sat in his armchair smoking and thinking . So many strange things had happened in these two days - the printed letter , the black-bearded spy in the cab , the loss of the new boot , the loss of the old black boot , and now the return of the brown boot . Just before dinner a telegram was brought . It ran : “Have just received answer from postmaster , Grimpen . Berrymore is at the Hall . Baskerville .”
A few minutes later the door bell rang and a man entered the room .
“ I was told that you wanted to see the cabman of No. 2704 , ”he said . “I have come to ask you what you have against me .”
“ I have nothing against you , my good fellow ,”said Holmes . “ On the contrary , if you give me a clear answer to my question , I shall reward you .”
“Well , what did you want to ask , sir ? ”
“First of all your name and address . ”
“John Clayton , 3 , Turpey Street .”
Holmes put it down . “Now , Clayton ,” he said , “tell me all about the gentleman who was in your cab this morning . He was watching the house at ten o'clock and then he followed two gentlemen down Regent Street .”
The cabman looked a little embarrassed . “You seem to know everything , ”he said . “But you see , the gentleman told me that he was a detective and I must not speak to anyone about him .”
“My good fellow , this is a very serious business and your position will be very bad if you try to hide anything from me . Did the gentleman say anything else ?”
“He told me his name .”
“His name ? What was it ?”
“ It was Mr. Sherlock Holmes , ” answered tha cabman .
For a moment Holmes was too much surprised to speak . Then he burst into a hearty laugh . “Excellent !” he exclaimed . “Now , Clayton , tell me all about him .”
“Well , sir , he stopped me at half-past nine in Trafalgar Square . He said that he was a detective and offered me two sovereigns (金镑) if I did exactly what he wanted all day and asked no questions . I was glad to agree . First we drove to the Northumberland Hotel and waited there until two gentlemen came out and took a cab in the street . We followed their cab until it stopped somewhere near this house . We waited for about an hour . Then the two gentlemen passed us walking and we followed them along ”
“ I know ,” said Holmes , “go on .”
“So we were following them down Regent Street when suddenly my gentleman closed the window and cried to me drive as fast as I could to Waterloo Station . We were there in ten minutes . He paid me two sovereigns and went into the station . At the last moment he turned round and said : ‘It may interest you know that you have driven Mr. Sherlock Holmes .’That is all .”
Holmes laughed :“So his name was Sherlock Holmes , he said ?”
“Yes , sir , that was the gentleman's name . ”
“And can you describe that gentleman .”
The cabman scratched his head . “ Well , it isn't so easy to describe him . He is about forty and is of middle height . He has a black beard and a pale face . That is all I can say about him .”
“ Well then , here is your half-sovereign , and you will have another one if you can bring any more information . Good night ! ”
When the cabman had gone , Holmes turned to his friend with a sad smile : “ Our enemy is cunning , Waston , ” he said . “ This time he has beaten me . It's a dangerous business and I shall be happy when you return safe and sound to London again .”
Chapter VII
AT BASKERVILLE HALL ( 在巴斯克维尔庄园 )
On the appointed (约定) day , Sir Henry Baskerville and Dr. Mortimer were at the station . Sherlock Holmes and Dr. Waston soon joined them there .
“ I don't want you to make any judgements , Waston. ” said Homles to his friend , taking him aside . “I only want you to report all the possible facts to me .”
“ What sort of facts ? ” asked Waston .
“ Everything that has the smallest connection with this case ?/FONT> and especially the relations between Sir Henry and his neighbours . If you hear of any new details connected with the death of Sir Charles , do let me know . And study the people who live on the moor near Baskerville Hall ?/FONT> the Barrymores , Dr. Mmortimer , the naturalist Stapleton and his sister , Mr. Frankland and one or two other neighbours . ”
“ I will do my best . ”
“ Have you taken arms ? ”
“ Yes , I thought it necessary .”
“ Certainly . Keep your revolver (左轮手枪) near you day and night and be very careful . ”
“ I will , my dear friend . Don't worry . ”
By the way , Sir Henry , ” said Holmes , turning to young Baskerville who was talking to Dr. Mortimer , “ have you found your black boot ?”
“ No , Mr. Holmes , it has disappeared . ”
“That's very interesting . Well , goodbye ,” he added as the train began to move , “ and remember , Sir Henry , don't walk on the moor alone when it is dark .”
When they were on their way , Sir Henry , who was looking out of the window , seemed happy to see the land where he had spent his childhood . The train stopped at a small station and the three men got out . A carriage with a pair of horses was waiting for them . The station was a quiet , pleasant spot and Waston was surprised to see two soldiers standing by the station gate . They looked at all the passers-by . The coachman greeted Sir Henry and soon the carriage with the three men was rolling swiftly along the road . On the top of the hill there stood another soldier . He was watching the road . The coachman explained to them that a prisoner had escaped from the prison of Princetown and was hiding on the moor . The man was a dangerous murderer , and the soldiers had received orders to watch every road and every station , but they had not yet found him . Somewhere there , on the dark moor, was this terrible man , hiding in a hole like a beast . This made the wild and sad place seem still wilder and sadder . Soon the road turned sharply and the wide , silent moor came in sight . A few minutes later the carriage stopped before a large house from which rose two high narrow towers .
“ Welcome to Baskerville Hall , Sir Henry , ” said a tall man with a black beard , opening the door of the carriage . It was Barrymore , the servant . His wife came forward to help take down the luggage as well .
Dr. Mortimer refused to stay for dinner , saying that his wife was expecting him back . He said goodbye to Sir Henry and Waston and then the carriage rolled away . The two men entered the hall . It was a very fine hall , large high , with a great old-fashioned fireplace . The Barrymores had taken the luggage to the bedroom .
Barrymore came up to ask : “Will you have dinner now , sir ? ”
“ Is it ready ? ”
“ Yes , sir . I should like to tell you that my wife and I will be happy to serve you for some time , but then we should like to go . ”
“ But why ? ” Sir Henry asked in surprise .
“ You see , sir , the death of Sir Charles has made this house very unpleasant to us . ”
“ Well , we shall speak about this later . Now show us the dinning-room . My friend and I are hungry after our journey . ”
A few minutes later Sir Henry and Waston were seated at the dinner table . The room was dark and gloomy (郁闷) . There was a long line of old family portraits on the wall and their silent company was not pleasant . The two men talked little and when dinner was over they were happy to go to the modern billiard-room and smoke a cigarette .
“ It isn't a very cheerful place , ” said Sir Henry . “ I am not surprised that my poor uncle felt nervous in such an gloomy house . But let us go to bed early tonight , perhaps in the morning we shall feel more cheerful .”
They said good night to each other and went to their rooms . Before going to bed Waston opened the window and looked out . In the cold light of the moon he could see the strange moor . Everything was silent around . Waston went to bed . He was very tired , yet he could not sleep . Far away a clock struck twelve . Suddenly the stillness of the night was broken by an unexpected sound . It was the sobbing (啜泣) of a woman . Waston sat up in bed and listened all ears . The woman was sobbing not far away , certainly in the house . The sound stopped suddenly as it had began . For half an hour Waston waited to hear the sound again , but all was still .
Chapter VIII
DR. WASTON MEETS STAPLETON ,
THE NATURALIST
( 华生医师同生物学家斯台普顿的会见 )
The next morning it was bright and sunny , and the room looked quite cheerful as Sir Henry and Waston sat down to breakfast .
“ We were tired and cold after our journey last night , ” said Sir Henry , “ so the place seemed uncomfortable . Now , after a good rest , we are fresh and well and the house is more cheerful . ”
“ That's true , but didn' t you hear the sobbing of a woman in the night ? ”
“ It's strange ,”said Sir Henry in a loud voice , “ for when I was half-asleep , I heard something of the sort . I thought it took place in my dream .”
“I heard it clearly and I am sure that it was really the sobbing of a woman ,”said Waston .
“ We shall ask Barrymore about it , ” said Sir Henry ringing the bell .
Barrymore became pale when he
